What is paraphrasing in academic writing?

Restating others' ideas in your own words with proper citation.

Paraphrasing in academic writing means restating someone else’s ideas in your own words while giving proper credit to the source. It shows you understand the concept well enough to rephrase it with your own voice, and it keeps the original meaning intact. Even though you’re rewording, you still need to cite the source so readers can find where the idea came from and to avoid plagiarism. Paraphrasing is different from copying exactly because a direct copy removes your own voice and requires citation regardless, but it’s still a breach if you don’t credit the origin. It’s also distinct from summarizing, which condenses the main points into a shorter version; paraphrasing keeps more detail and reworks the structure and phrasing, not just the length. And it’s not the same as quoting, which repeats the exact words and is treated separately—quotes require quotation marks and a citation. So, paraphrasing is about expressing someone’s idea in your own words with attribution.

Copying exactly from a source without citation.

Summarizing a source without citing it.

Quoting a source word-for-word with no citation.

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